In early September the two government sponsored mortgage finance companies Fanninie Mae and Freddie Mac were put under the conservatorship, or legal control, of the U.S. government. The CEOs were dismissed and the Federal Housing Finance Agency Director James Lockhart III was installed as a temporary replacement for the board of directors. "We did not take this action lightly. We counseled with Chairman Bernake...we also consulted with Secretary Paulson. They both concurred with me that conservatorship needed to be undertaken," said Lockhart during a House Financial Services Committee hearing. "First signs, despite all the market turmoil are that the conservatorships are positive. I am pleased to say that the enterprises are funding costs and the spreads on the {Mortgage Backed Security} have declined." Lockhart went on to say that since the conservatorship home rates for thirty year mortgages fell below six percent for the first time in 2008. In order to pursue stability, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae both had to go through major changes. The CEOs were replaced by former U.S. Bancorp Vice Chairman David Moffit and former Merrill Lynch president Herb Allison. Both companies have severely limited approval of low document and no document loans, and common stock and preferred dividends were eliminated, saving the companies $2 billion. In addition, Lockhart says both CEOs have been urged to be more creative in preventing home forclosures.